The 9-article-per-minute generation rate is pure content creation. The full publishing pipeline adds: batch file creation (30s), insertion (5s), rebuild (3s), commit (2s), push (5s), CDN propagation (10-30s). Total overhead per 25-article batch: approximately 2-3 minutes. Efficiency ratio: 25 articles per 5 minutes = 5 articles per minute end-to-end. This is still 300 articles per hour — but understanding the overhead is essential for accurate timeline projections. The gap between creation velocity and publishing velocity is where journalism meets engineering.